⚡🌡️ energy & temperature

micro‑scale motion · thermal energy · interactive model

🔽 internal energy (average) 3.2 kJ

temperature

312

K

thermal motion

438

m/s

⚡ vibrating atoms

❄️ slower / colder 🔥 faster / hotter

📘 relation

Temperature ∝ average kinetic energy of particles.
Add energy → particles jiggle faster → temperature rises.
Even at same T, particles have a range of speeds (Maxwell–Boltzmann).
Thermal energy depends on how many particles; temperature does not.
Absolute zero (0 K) = minimum possible energy (still quantum motion!).

🔬

in this model:
nine atoms (vibration amplitude ↔ temperature).